(Guide last edited August 27th, 2021)
NOTE: This guide describes the use of a Qemu Alpha build, functionality and command line options are likely to change!
Qemu-system-m68k can emulate the Apple Macintosh Quadra 800 machine, which allows running the 68k versions of Mac OS 7.1 up to 8.1, A/UX 3.x and the 68k port of NetBSD.
The status of various guests based on the latest builds available from the forum:
| Guest | Default build | Specific command line arguments | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mac OS 7.1 | OK | none | none |
| Mac OS 7.5 | OK | none | none |
| Mac OS 8.1 | OK | none | none |
| A/UX 3.0.1 | OK | none | none |
| A/UX 3.1.1 | OK | none | none |
| NetBSD 9.2 | OK | none | none |
This guide assumes you are installing Mac OS 8.0 on a 2gb file that will act as your hard disk for Mac OS.
The CD image you install from is called MacOS8.0.iso and the hard disk is called MacOS8.0.img
Installations of other versions of Mac OS (roughly) follow the same path.
Open a command prompt and navigate to your Qemu folder.
Note: If you create a disk image larger than 2Gb, you will have to partition the disk so the first partition is 2Gb or less in size. Otherwise Mac OS will not boot after installation.
qemu-img.exe create -f raw -o size=2G MacOS8.0.img qemu-img.exe create -f raw pram-macos.img 256b
Open your favorite text editor and create a file called qemu-macos.bat with the following content:
qemu-system-m68k.exe ^ -L pc-bios ^ -M q800 ^ -bios Quadra800.rom ^ -boot d ^ -drive file=pram-macos.img,format=raw,if=mtd ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=0,drive=hd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=MacOS8.0.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=hd0 ^ -device scsi-cd,scsi-id=3,drive=cd0,vendor="MATSHITA",product="CD-ROM CR-8005",ver="1.0k" ^ -drive file=MacOS8.0.iso,media=cdrom,if=none,id=cd0
Save qemu-macos.bat
Edit qemu-m68k.bat to remove the cd entry:
qemu-system-m68k.exe ^ -L pc-bios ^ -M q800 ^ -bios Quadra800.rom ^ -drive file=pram-macos.img,format=raw,if=mtd ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=0,drive=hd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=MacOS8.0.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=hd0
Save qemu-macos.bat and run it.
There are 3 resolutions available: vga 640×480, supervga 800×600 and 1152×870.
When nothing is set on the command line 640×480 and 800×600 up to 24 bit colour/greyscale are available through the monitors control panel. Once set, the setting is preserved on reboot.
To use the 1152×870 resolution, add -g 1152x870x8 to the command line. This adds the Apple 21 monitor with that resolution.
Due to vram limitations it only supports up to 8 bit colour depth. Please note that in this case the other resolutions are not available.
This guide assumes you are installing A/UX 3.x on a 2gb file that will act as your hard disk for A/UX. The CD image you install from is called AUX301.iso and the hard disk is called AUX301.img
You need:
The A/UX related files can all be found here: http://www.cilinder.be/archive/aux_3.0.1/ but the files have to be unpacked with e.g. 7-zip and renamed to fit this guide. You'll have to source a rom file yourself.
Create the required disk images:
qemu-img.exe create -f raw -o size=2G AUX301.img qemu-img.exe create -f raw pram.img 256b
Currently, partitioning a disk created with qemu-img while installing A/UX will not work. So download this disk image (expands to 2Gb): https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/ddioctL8cL00RvB/download
Download the Qemu program to run A/UX from here: https://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=11326
Download a boot floppy image named AUXBootfloppy.img from here: https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/ZcJMgrSBqFAqfQA/download
This boot floppy also contains the AWS Tune-up 2.0 software that can be applied after upgrading the initial installation of A/UX 3.0.1 to 3.1
Open your favorite text editor and create a file called qemu-aux.bat with the following content:
qemu-system-m68k.exe ^ -L pc-bios ^ -m 128 ^ -M q800 ^ -display sdl ^ -serial stdio ^ -bios Quadra800.rom ^ -g 800x600x8 ^ -net nic,model=dp83932 -net user ^ -drive file=pram.img,format=raw,if=mtd ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=0,drive=fd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=AUXBootfloppy.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=fd0 ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=1,drive=hd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=AUX301.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=hd0 ^ -device scsi-cd,scsi-id=3,drive=cd0,vendor="MATSHITA",product="CD-ROM CR-8005",ver="1.0k" ^ -drive file=AUX301.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom,if=none,id=cd0
Save and run qemu-aux.bat
When you run qemu-aux.bat, qemu boots from the bootfloppy image, which in turn starts the A/UX installation.
For the actual installation and initial configuration you can follow this guide: http://www.aux-penelope.com/aux_3.0.htm
When you get to the networking part of that guide, use the steps outlined below!
More in-depth information about configuring A/UX can be found here:
https://wiki.preterhuman.net/Newbie_Guide_To_A/UX_(Apple_UNIX)
Note: You'll have to reboot several times during installation, update, enabling network.
Reboot will not work, so you need to shut down A/UX and restart Qemu.
If you run Qemu with “-net user” you can use the following settings to get networking going:
IP address 10.0.2.15
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Nameserver 10.0.2.3
Default route 10.0.2.2
Open a command shell and run “newconfig”. Enter the data required:
configure this interface: yes hostname: (enter some unique name) nis domain name: (can be left empty when not using nis) ao0 internet address: 10.0.2.15 netmask: 255.255.255.0 OK?: yes
Set the default route with:
echo /usr/etc/route add default 10.0.2.2 1 >> /etc/rc
Set the name server with:
echo nameserver 10.0.2.3 > /etc/resolv.conf
Reboot (Shut down, restart)
After the installation, you can remove the boot floppy and installation iso from your qemu-aux.bat file, so the lines
-device scsi-hd,scsi-id=0,drive=fd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=AUXBootfloppy.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=fd0 ^ -device scsi-cd,scsi-id=3,drive=cd0,vendor="MATSHITA",product="CD-ROM CR-8005",ver="1.0k" ^ -drive file=AUX301.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom,if=none,id=cd0
can be removed, making sure the last line in the file does NOT end with a ^
To start the upgrade to A/UX 3.1, you first need to add the disk image containing the upgrade to your qemu-aux.bat file:
device scsi-cd,scsi-id=3,drive=cd0,vendor="MATSHITA",product="CD-ROM CR-8005",ver="1.0k" ^ drive file=AUX_3.1_Update.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom,if=none,id=cd0
save the file and start qemu-aux.bat
After boot has completed, the cd image with the updater appears on the desktop.
For your convenience, the AWS Tune-up 2.0 has been included on the boot floppy you used before.
So re-add the bootfloppy to the command line and boot A/UX, then follow the steps in the readme to install the update.
The traditional way of installing NETBSD takes place from inside Mac OS, so to use this guide you need an already running system.
So create an additional disk image onto which you can install NetBSD and add the image and the NetBSD installation iso to the command line:
qemu-system-m68k.exe ^ -M q800 ^ -m 128 ^ -bios Quadra800.rom ^ -serial stdio ^ -display sdl ^ -net nic,model=dp83932 -net user ^ -drive file=pram.img,format=raw,if=mtd ^ -g 800x600x8 ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=1,drive=hd1,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=system8.1.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=hd1 ^ -device scsi-hd,scsi-id=0,drive=hd0,vendor="SEAGATE",product="ST225N",ver="1.0" ^ -drive file=netbsd92_1gb.img,media=disk,format=raw,if=none,id=hd0 ^ -device scsi-cd,scsi-id=3,drive=cd0,vendor="MATSHITA",product="CD-ROM CR-8005",ver="1.0k" ^ -drive file=NetBSD-9.2-mac68k.iso,media=cdrom,if=none,id=cd0
First initialise the target disk with the Mac OS 8 setup tool.
Then use the Apple HD SCSI setup tool from the bootfloppy image to partition the disk as AppleServer disk
Create 1 partition of 850Mb
Create 1 partition of 100Mb
Create 1 partition of 50Mb
You can follow this guide to install NetBSD:
https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-9.2/mac68k/INSTALL.html#Installing%20the%20NetBSD%20System%20(Traditional%20Method)
On the installation iso, go to the Mac68K/Installation/Misc folder and copy:
BSD_MAC68K_BOOTER.BIN INSTALLER_1_1H_SEA.BIN MKFS_1_47_SEA.BIN
Into a folder on your Mac OS installation. Unstuff Installer and MKFS.
Start MKFS, select the scsi id of the hard disk to partition and format the usr and swap partitions.
This can take a while….
Next, start the Installer and navigate to Mac68K/BINARY/SETS and select the software sets you want to install. For each set select it, then click Add. Make sure to also select and add a kernel. The KERN_GENERIC.TGZ works fine.
After adding all desired sets, click Done and go for lunch.
Once completed, select Build Devices from the installer and then quit the installer.
Open the Booter and set Boot options to boot Single User (Also check the scsi id of your disk.
Set Serial Ports to Serial Console on Modem.
Save the Booter options and Select Boot Now.
In the Qemu command window, press Enter, then type
“mount -a”
“cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV all”
#######Quit Qemu and restart Qemu.
#######Edit the /etc/rc.conf file with vi: #######“export TERM=vt100” #######“vi /etc/rc.conf”
#######“reboot”
#######Close the command window, qemu will quit. Start Qemu again and open the Booter.
#######At Boot Options uncheck Single User and save the boot options.
